Kant vs Aristotle - 1314 Words

The Platonic Rationalist and Aristotelian Empirical Way of Thinking Philosophical Inquiry Section ON22 Erich Grunder Jim Cook 3/2/2007 During the 17th and 18th century two philosophers, Plato and Aristotle, arose carving for themselves a trench in the philosophical world. We can see the biggest distinction between the two in their theories of how we know things exist. The traditions of Plato and Aristotle have been dubbed rationalism and empiricism respectively. Under these traditions many well known philosophers have formed their own theories of God, existence and the material world. Through these individual theories I will show how each fits into the category of either Rationalist or Imperialist. The Plutonian philosophers to be†¦show more content†¦He wanted to figure out how they functioned together. Spinoza accepted Descartes mathematical model for deducing knowledge. He defends, outside the intellect; there is nothing but substance and its modes or affections. Spinoza establishes the Fact and manner of [a] divine causality through careful mathematical deduction. Consequently, Gods essence exists throu gh His own active power and necessity. For this Spinoza was considered an atheist (Collins, 1967, p.83). Lastly Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was an educated mathematician, scientist, historian, diplomat, theologian and philosopher. He had the same dream as Spinoza and Descartes, that is, hope for a systematic organization of all conceivable knowledge. In order to achieve this dream he required first, to perfect a universal scientific language that would reduce all thoughts to mathematical symbols. Second, he succeeded in developing one of the first forms of calculus. With this reasoning tool Leibniz hoped to bring all thought under the reign of symbolic logic (Rogers Baird, 1981, p. 70). By the 18th century in Great Britain a new philosophical movement was growing. The observational and experimental was coming into focus. The interest of philosophers in the 18th century shifted from rationalism and deductive, to Empirical and inductive. A philosophy was sought that could conclude knowledge through since experience alone. The philosophers to do this were Rationalist Locke, Berkeley and Hume. John LockeShow MoreRelatedMoral Behavior: Aquinas and Aristotle vs. Kant1356 Words   |  6 PagesMoral Behavior: Aquinas and Aristotle vs. Kant When comparing between the philosophies of St. Thomas Aquinas/Aristotle and those of Immanuel Kant when regarding moral behavior, there are some very fundamental differences. On one hand, you have Kant’s autonomous perspective on behavior morality, in which you give the law to yourself. On the other hand, you have the heteronomy views of Aristotle and Aquinas which concludes that one can measure their conduct against an external force. Kant’sRead MoreThe Moral Dispute Of John Stuart Mill And Immanuel Kant1500 Words   |  6 PagesThesis statement The philosopher Aristotle took the challenge of developing a full-fledged account of virtues that could stand on its own merits rather than simply criticize. He spoke about Eudaimonia meaning happiness of which he defined as the good. â€Å"The good, therefore, has been well defined as that at which all things aim.† His theories for happiness and fulfillment followed a theme of pain and pleasure and the proper function. He raised objections to the normative theories by defining his oppositionRead MoreNicomachean Ethics: Ruminations on Virtue Essay1088 Words   |  5 Pagesthe animal kingdom. However our defining self-awareness and free will is precisely what feeds into the illusion that we are in complete control over our actions, when as Aristotle argues, our absolute adherence to what we believe to be morally right, is entirely dependent upon our environment. In â€Å"Nicomachean Ethics,† Aristotle argues that individuals are merely products of their upbringing and that their idea of morality and ethics is molded by their society and its values. Human character is akinRead MoreA Decent Job At Separating Religion From Morality1405 Words   |  6 Pagesinterests and preferences. Mill and Bentham, Aristotle, and Kant all have different theories on our morals and what drives them. Each of the theories mentioned do a decent job at separating religion from morality, but each theory varies on how well they explain how moral requirements are different from our preferences. John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham had similar ideas in their theories on morality. The main difference between the two was the quantity vs quality. Bentham was a hedonist, and wantedRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Human Nature1534 Words   |  7 Pagesto focus on uncovering the inherent nature of humankind by studying the shared attributes, feelings, and behaviors that humans exhibit. Theories about human nature shape every culture in some way. During the Classical Period in Greece, Plato and Aristotle significantly influenced society’s perception of human nature. Plato suggested that people were rational beings, and connected human nature with the concept of the soul, and the ability to reason. Aristotle’s views differed slightly in that he believedRead MoreNature Vs Nurture Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesNature vs Nurture The discussion about nature and nurture can be considered one of the oldest problems in psychology, the main question of which is: Are human traits present at birth or are they developing through experience? (Meyers, 2013). The natural side of the discussion asserts that the facial features and the way of their development strictly through DNA and genetics are transmitted by parents and grandparents. The nurture side of the debate argues that we are born with a clean list andRead MoreCategorical Imperative2266 Words   |  10 Pagesimperative n. In the ethical system of Immanuel Kant, an unconditional moral law that applies to all rational beings and is independent of any personal motive or desire QUICK FACTS * NAME:  Immanuel Kant * OCCUPATION:  Philosopher * BIRTH DATE:  April 22, 1724 * DEATH DATE:  February 12, 1804 * PLACE OF BIRTH:  Kaliningrad (now Konigsburg), Russia * PLACE OF DEATH:  Kaliningrad (now Konigsburg), Russia Profile Immanuel Kant was born on April 22, 1724, in Kaliningrad (nowRead MoreMedia s Influence On The Perception Of Beauty1389 Words   |  6 Pagesthings. One could easily relate this debate to nature vs. nurture. Is it biology or environment? Of course, it is both. Humans are not just made up of DNA. We are moral and cultural creatures. Discussing the primacy of such factors keeps the debate alive. In defining beauty, scholars have a divide between the objective and subjective. Is beauty attributed to individuals or is beauty simply an objective feature of existing beautiful things? Kant (1951) said that the nature of judgment and taste leadsRead MoreAnalysis Of David Hume s Theory Of Justice2868 Words   |  12 Pagesto be the point of contention. What is seen as ethical or morally right by one is not seen in the same way by another. As far back as Plato and Aristotle philosophers have offered many different definitions. Even today we can see that ownership is not clearly defined for all to agree to. Plato argued that land was owned by the community while Aristotle said it was owned by the individual: A debate which still continues today. While these two philosophers lived about the same time frame, their viewsRead More4. Against The Existence Of God. Ludwig Feuerbach Is A1824 Words   |  8 Pages This proves that Clifford believes that evidence is so essential as it relates to religion, that if it is not present the individuals that participate in the religion are sinning. 6. The Concept of Virtue Ethics vs. Deontology The concept of virtue ethics was introduced by Aristotle and then supported by numerous other philosophers. By definition virtue ethics is not like many other theories that specifically concentrate on the moral conduct of an individual. Instead virtue ethics implies that

Healthcare Disparities And Lack Of Health Care - 1546 Words

In today’s society, there is still a great struggle with health care disparities and many lives are affected by the lack of this fundamental program in our society. There are millions of people who die each year because they are unable to afford quality healthcare. The debate still continues about healthcare inequalities, what causes this disparity and who are affected by it. Health care is more of a necessity rather than a luxury and even though skeptics may argue to the latter, it only underlines the importance of the need for the wellbeing and care of individuals. There are several factors that could contribute to the lack of health care in the United States which ranges from but not limited to race, gender, socio- economic status, and lack of insurance coverage. The truth is there is a great disproportion between who can really afford quality healthcare as appose to individuals who have it. One would imagine that an employed individual would easily afford quality healthc are but we could be no further from the truth, since one’s economic status is an essential determinant to its affordability. In looking on the subject of race you realize there is a racial stigma when it comes to health care. The American health care system is geared to treat the majority, while the minority suffers. As one looks at the African American society we see the racial discrimination in the health care system. According to the American heart association, â€Å"African Americans are 28% more likelyShow MoreRelatedDisparities Within The Health Care Environment1702 Words   |  7 PagesHealthcare Disparities Healthcare disparities have been an issue all over the world for a very long time. The purpose of this paper is to give you knowledge on disparities within the health care environment. This paper will discuss the definition of disparities, types of disparities, reasons for disparities, statistical data from trends and reports, and information on disparities elimination and improvements. What are healthcare disparities? Defining a disparity can eliminate confusion that disparitiesRead MoreLanguage And The Health Disparities1492 Words   |  6 PagesCan you imagine the how the healthcare industry would be without language, what seems to be impossible to imagine is the everyday reality of some patients because of their native language. Language is a major contribution to the health disparities that some populations face, because it makes it difficult for some patients to communicate their problems as well as understand the care they provided. Language contributes to the health disparities that some populations face because it creates a barrierRead MoreThe Heart Of A Healthcare System975 Words   |  4 PagesThe heart of a healthcare system is to ensure timely access to care and to ensure optimal outcomes in differing levels of disparity in healthcare. The Veteran Health Administration has made system wide transformation to expand access to care; however, women veter ans continue to experience sub-standardized care as compared to men (Washington, 2011). Women veterans’ lack of substantial income, knowledge to Veteran (VA) eligibility and services, identified this group as a vulnerable population in theRead MoreThe Patient Protection Affordable Care Act Essay1476 Words   |  6 Pages The Patient Protection Affordable Care Act has only been extended to cover 32 million uninsured individuals mandates. The main issue of access to affordable care will be to exacerbated by limited community- based resources that provide preventive services, primary care access and the continuum care for patients with chronic conditions. There is a need to increase capacity to serve more patients, while improving outcomes and reducing cost. Health disparities in the U.S. range from HIV/ Aids toRead MoreBarriers And Disparities Of Health Care826 Words   |  4 PagesBarriers and Disparities in Healthcare Barriers to healthcare include factors that restrict or hinder people from receiving adequate and quality health care service. Health care disparities are those differences that negatively affects less advantaged group (Mehta, 2014). Health care barriers play a significant role in comprehending causes of disparities. This paper will discuss the obstacles and disparities that exist and affects healthcare. Barriers that Exist and Affected Healthcare Financial barriersRead MoreHealth Disparities And Health System Barriers1745 Words   |  7 Pagesdefines Health Disparities as â€Å"the inequalities that occur in the provision of health care and access to health care across different racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups.† This means Health disparities are essentially discrepancies in the servicing of Healthcare as well as in access to healthcare amongst people of different racial, cultural, and socioeconomic groups. Health Disparities has many underlying factors that impact it, a factor in particular is Health system barriers. Health system barriersRead MoreNational Healthcare Quality And Disparities Report 20141013 Words   |  5 Pagesworst healthcare system (Davis, Stremikis, Squires, Schoen, 2014). This ranking does not come from a lack of funds, considering the United States spends more than twice as much per capita than the United Kingdom which is ranked at number one (Davis, Stremikis, Squires, Schoen, 2014). A major problem is America is the health disparities that vary across the nation. Health disparities â€Å"refer to differences in access to or availability of facilities and services. Health status disparities referRead MorePublic And Universal Healthcare System Essay1206 Words   |  5 PagesThe availability of healthcare is an extremely important issue in the United States. There are millions of Americans that are uninsured in the U.S. A high amount of uninsured people are from minority groups such as Hispanics and African-Americans. High deductible payments, the cost of prescription drugs, and lack of health insurance coverage cause many Americans to choose to live without insurance to save money for everyday expenses beside healthcare. Without health insurance, people do not haveRead MoreHigh Rates Among Various Ethnic Backgrounds1060 Words   |  5 Pages Healthcare disparities exist at higher rates among various ethnic backgrounds as well as individuals with disabilities. Although receiving good healthcare should be a privilege, statistics have shown that social determinants such as poor education, low income, limited access to quality care, as well as environmental factors have contributed to healthcare disparities. If society could improve barriers like health education, communication, and healthcare cost, quality healthcare could be successfullyRead MoreThe Culturally Competent Health Care Workforce949 Words   |  4 PagesThe Culturally Competent Health Care Workforce Reduces Disparities Cultural competence is the knowledge, skills and attitudes of the individual health care professionals when they treat individual patients who are from different race, ethnicity, and religion and diverse backgrounds. In the U.S, some patients receive equal treatment in the health care facilities, but others receive unequal treatment because they are from diverse backgrounds. In the article, â€Å"Cultural Clues† Melissa Hansen focuses

Waiting for Godot - Samuel Beckett Nothing Happens,...

Waiting For Godot By Samuel Beckett â€Å"Nothing happens. Nobody comes, nobody goes. It’s awful.† How far do you agree? Initially written in French in 1948 as â€Å"En Attendant Godot†, Samuel Beckett’s play was first staged in 1952, in Paris. It represents one of the most important movements of the twentieth century and is an example of the so-called â€Å"Theatre of the Absurd†, which had subsequently inspired numerous plays that were based on the idea of an illogical universe. The plot of the play is fairly simple and is, in fact, purely a development of its title. Its description is rather ambiguous, for while one may think that no action whatsoever takes place throughout the play, another might suppose otherwise. Principally, the story†¦show more content†¦Hence it is an extract from a monotonous and impassive life of two vagabonds, who do nothing and go nowhere. They grope blindly for a meaning in existence, yearning for a sign, some sign, any sign – just like Pozzo, blind and helpless, cries for help in Act II. This immobility of the characters, the lack of action and the perpetual exchange of insignificant dialogue may seem tedious to an audience. In this case Estragon’s phrase: â€Å"Nothing happens, nobody comes, nobody goes. It’s awful!† is a summary of the play. From this point of view, the play does, indeed, seem drained of any rational and common sense. There is no logical structure to it, nor is there a sense of fluidity in the ideas expressed by the characters. In fact, one might go as far as to affirm that the play is devoid of ideas entirely and represents a mere collection of spontaneously improvised dialogues: as if Vladimir and Estragon were one unit (one being a man on the verge of mental sanity and the other – his consciousness) whose thoughts were scattered randomly across the pages of the script, their words avoiding any rationalization. The only symbol of a possible order in this thoroughly alienated world is the sense of time suggested by the growth of leaves on the tree between the first and second day. And yet even that seems bizarre and irrelevant. The interruption of Pozzo and Lucky seems to be a variation to theShow MoreRelatedWaiting for Godot - Samuel Beckett Nothing Happens, Nobody Comes, Nobody Goes Analysis1325 Words   |  6 PagesWaiting For Godot By Samuel Beckett â€Å"Nothing happens. Nobody comes, nobody goes. It’s awful.† How far do you agree? Initially written in French in 1948 as â€Å"En Attendant Godot†, Samuel Beckett’s play was first staged in 1952, in Paris. It represents one of the most important movements of the twentieth century and is an example of the so-called â€Å"Theatre of the Absurd†, which had subsequently inspired numerous plays that were based on the idea of an illogical universe. The plot of the play is fairlyRead MoreEssay Writing9260 Words   |  38 Pagesopinion plays a significant role in the process. However, a certain objective standard needs to be maintained and, as in a persuasive essay, your assertions need to be proved. The formality of the review will be determined by how much of the essay is analysis, how much is summary, and how much is your reaction to the work you are reviewing. A more formal review will not only discuss the work on its own merits but also place it in context. Newspapers and popular magazines tend to review in terms of finance:

Film techniques free essay sample

Human kind has always displayed a desire, within their literature, to engross themselves on a journey of self reflection. However often these journeys can also be negatively forced upon a character. Skrzynecki, in his text ‘Immigrants at central station’ explores how forced journeys have dehumanised and isolated his family on their journey of migration. However, in ’10 Mary street’ Skrzynecki focuses on positive outcomes of journeys that him and his family have taken on their own. Furthermore ‘Girl, interrupted’, the 1999 movie directed by James Mangold, Outlines the segregation and inequality of forced journeys whilst also looking at journeys with positive outcomes of self enlightenment that were chosen to be taken. People who are forced upon a journey may feel isolated and disempowered. Skrzynecki explores this in ‘immigrants at central station’ through detailing the apprehension felt by migrants whilst waiting for a train in central station, Sydney. In the first line of the poem â€Å"it was sad to hear† Skrzynecki has already established a sombre using the highly descriptive word ‘sad’. We will write a custom essay sample on Film techniques or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Similarly in the line ‘a dampness that slowly sank into our thoughts’ He continues this negativity through the sensual imagery of ‘dampness’ and the depressive symbolism of ‘sank into our thoughts’. Skrzynecki also uses the simile ‘like cattle bought for slaughter’ to link to the negativity shown in stanza 1, he also creates a sense of entrapment, dehumanising the migrants and reducing them to livestock. Skrzynecki uses repetition of the first line with the introduction of a conjunction at the beginning ‘but it was sad to hear’. Doing so allows him to refer back to the first stanza and stress the sombre tone while the conjunction allows Skrzynecki to juxtapose the poem against the last two paragraphs bringing the audience’s attention to the suddenness of the arrival of the train. Paragraph 2 (negative) yet to be analysed Alternatively people can immerse themselves on journeys of self-reflection and self discovery, leading to a sense of empowerment and happiness. Skrzynecki in ‘10 Mary Street’ details a positive outcome of a chosen journey through the story of his family in their home on Mary Street. The line ‘My parents watered plants like adopted children’ uses accumulation to display the journey that the parents have taken to lovingly care for their plants