IT Applications and Groupware Essay

The three most important things that a company has to do so as to implement the use of groupware systems effectively starts with ensuring the collaboration of workers regarding the introduction of the technology. This initiative helps to create an image of the required culture in their mind. Further, it helps the workers to learn more about each other and creates a sense of respect among them. This strategy helps to break any antagonistic cultures in which they grew up whereby they may have been taught to work as individuals. This viewpoint creates the notion of selfishness amongst the workers. Conversely, ensuring worker cooperation helps to create a feeling of security with regard to employees providing support to the company (Thierauf, 2001). This makes them to be joint owners of the company, thus taking part in implementing the project. The workers are thus not dictated on what to do. Rather, the executive helps them to remove the obstacles amongst themselves and eliminate their resistance. Afterwards, the retraining of the workers about sharing takes place. This helps to recreate the attitude of sharing which have been eliminated from the workers’ minds by the prevailing environment. Such an undertaking begins with the introduction of education to individual persons whereby they are instructed to work as individuals. Further, they learn that to share equates to cheating within the school perspective. The employees thus tend to have a culture in them that disowns sharing. Such a culture calls for retraining. The concept of sharing helps them to work together. In turn, this development benefits the company in the sense that each employee will be allowed to make their decisions. The business thus retains the knowledgeable employees within the company. This group work also makes the output of the company to increase more than individual output. Such an outcome stems from the fact that a group can accomplish more tasks than an individual when each person is offered the opportunity to decide on how to accomplish a task (Galliers, Markus & Newell, 2007). The people are thus empowered to perform by themselves. During training, the influential leaders usually start early in helping the people to change and teaching the people about the importance of groupware. This undertaking promotes every idea regarding all opportunities in the planning of any specialized training in the anticipation that all the needed users are covered. In addition, it helps to create an awareness of what will be expected of them when the group ware system will be implemented. This is because the workers regain their trust in all people with whom they were formerly taught to be distrustful by their environment. It also gives each worker an opportunity to contribute their techniques in the business whereby the best are charged with the running of the company (Khosrowpour, 2001). It also helps to make sure that all the intended people are reached and that the barriers among them broken. This creates an atmosphere within which each individual is worthy in the business and wherein their views are incorporated into the running of the premise. After training, one should plan for the growth of the firm and be prepared to rise up quickly after the implementation. This improves the attitude of the workers because they derive satisfaction from the work output. Such a development promotes and improves their working life. Consequently, the lessons which they had learned in the training are articulated in the production process. This action helps to gauge the results of the project so that one can know if to sell the project to others if the results are tangible (Khosrowpour, 2000). Further, he owners are facilitated to gauge if the groupware system is productive and if its productivity can be replicated in other related firms.

History †bisness plan Essay

The owners of Excel Hygiene have been colleagues in a company which operated on a national scale, converting urban organic waste in to natural fertilizers for crop production in farms. This company has decided to focus on the rural sector and does not wish to expand its urban operations. Its major customer group is of farmers and owners of plantations. It has considered and rejected plans to enter health care lines. The agriculture and rural marketing business, while voluminous, is subject to the vagaries of nature. It is also intensely competitive, with narrow margins and uncertain demand levels. The bio-medical waste sector, on the other hand, is a rapidly rising star on the economic horizon. Demand for health care services is growing and assured. The number of competitors, as seen earlier, is limited, and consequently the margins are relatively attractive. The sector demands very high levels of service, but pay-offs are matching. Biotechnology is versatile with many future sectors which Excel Hygiene can address. There are many useful microbes in nature and their isolation and culture is relatively easy for those in the know. The owners of Excel Hygiene have succeeded in preparing and agreeing on a business plan. The latter has found favor with venture capitalists looking for biotech opportunities, so the company could be funded without denting the personal savings of the promoters too seriously. A crucial factor has been the timeliness of the new enterprise, though its aggression in bidding for a substantial price premium from the beginning is founded more on technical considerations of the safety advantage than any standard financial or economic wisdom. Market Definition Excel Hygiene plans to be a niche player with a very conservative market share target of just 1%. The first reason for this is the high premium the company wishes to charge for its differentiated products and services. It is possible that hospitals and doctors who do not attach much value to safety will not be willing to pay the higher prices. Further, health care institutions are conservative customers, and will take time to accept services from a new provider. The financiers behind the new enterprise also prefer quick and assured payback with high percentage returns to large volumes and top line growth. The entry strategy of Excel Hygiene is to secure contracts in relatively low-risk units of top quality institutions. Word of mouth promotion is very important in the health care community, so the new enterprise has to ensure that the most prestigious customers join its ranks first. The risks of switching to a new service provider are daunting in life saving units, but it is much easier to induce switches in routine areas. Excel hygiene will target waiting areas, food preparation zones, and general wards for its entry, staying away from competitive strongholds in Intensive Care and Casualty units. Excel Hygiene plans to hold seminars and to participate in scientific meetings on infection control to ensure word of mouth promotion of its services and image. Special efforts will be made to make spokespeople out of the best known doctors, surgeons, and para-medical workers, so that branding has a firm and stable base. The financial plans provide for this first phase to last the first full year of operations, and the second year will be used to leverage the accumulated goodwill by tripling the relatively small revenues of the first year. Excel Hygiene will invest in free demonstrations of its services for the first 6 months, backed by microbiology tests. This is to establish the reliability of the company’s services and to prove the efficacies of its novel range of biological products. The company will aim to have the results of these trials published, so that the investment can result in high growth during the second year of operations. A final element of strategy will be to liaise with regulatory authorities for endorsement of the company’s novel products. This approach will help to consolidate the small market share that the company hopes to forge within 2 years, and to protect its revenues during the subsequent years. The company hopes to excel by defining its business scope, territorial spread, and customer definition very tightly, seeking to specialize in a niche area. The emphasis is also on reassuring financiers since the company does not have a prior establishment in the market of substantial fixed asset covers. This conservative approach may be reviewed once the company has achieved its targets for the first five years. Quantitatively, Excel Hygiene targets net revenues of $500 thousand in the first year, rising to over $2 million by year 5. However, the major growth is expected during the second year itself. The infrastructure which has been planned will not allow full service coverage of more than 500 client units at a time within the designated territory. Hence, growth from the third year onwards will be marginal. It is typical in this business to suffer some client turnover, though it is equally possible to canvass for new contracts. Incineration and treatment capacities are other constraints to bear in mind.

Fulminating Hepatitis B secondary to a lifetime use of IV drug abuse Research Paper

Fulminating Hepatitis B secondary to a lifetime use of IV drug abuse - Research Paper Example This helps in identifying the initial treatment, as well as eliminating all contraindications to liver transplant. In addition, conducting proper prognosis helps in identifying patients who need a transplant and those who will survive without a liver transplant. Symptoms presented by fulminant hepatitis B require immediate medical interventions to prevent further damage on liver cells. However, in some patients, the condition is asymptomatic, which makes it difficult to detect. Patients of such nature may spread the condition to others unknowingly (Vandevante et al, 2011). Hepatitis B virus This paper looks into a case of a 51 year old patient suffering from fulminating Hepatitis B as a result of prolonged intravenous drug abuse. The fulminant condition under consideration is as a result of hepatitis B virus. Currently, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of fulminant hepatitis compared to other viral hepatitis. Hepatitis B virus attacks and replicates within hepatocytes. In terms of structure, hepatitis B virus has an outer shell and an inner core. The inner core bares the viral DNA, enzymes and proteins including hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) and HBVe antigen (HBeAg). The outer shell has the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HbsAg), which is produced in excess by hepatocytes replicating the hepatitis B virus. ... In cases of acute HBV, a bigger number of viral DNA is cleared from liver cells through a non-cytocidal process caused by inflammatory byproducts derived from CD8+ T lymphocytes. The release of inflammatory products occurs once CD+ T cells are stimulated by interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alfa, which are products of CD4+ T cells (Gish, 2009). The inflammatory byproducts lead to down regulation of viral replication as well as triggering direct lysis of infected liver cells. The destruction of infected hepatocytes through lysis occurs due to action of HBV specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Major destruction of hepatocytes in fulminant viral hepatitis is also as a result of host immune factors. HumoralAb response in fulminant hepatitis B is usually enhanced (Gish, 2009). This leads to an increased rate of HBsAG clearance from the liver. High level of anti-HBsAb is evident in patients with fulminant hepatitis B on admission. Fulminating hepatitis B may either be hyperacute, acut e, and subacute. In hyperacute, features present include encephalopathy within 7 days after the appearance of jaundice, and an increased rate of getting cerebral oedema (Aspinal at al., 2011). Acute condition presents itself with jaundice to encephalopathy within8-28 days and a high risk of cerebral oedema. In subacutecondition, development of jaundice to encephalopathy may occur within 5-26 wks, and there is a minimal risk of cerebral oedema. Main clinical features in fulminating hepatitis B include encephalopathy, jaundice, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver may appear enlarged during the initial stages, but later reduces in size. Other conditions include cerebral oedema, renal failure, and

Rewrite the first draft of the business plan Essay

Rewrite the first draft of the business plan - Essay Example Those who had dealing with us in the past need no more elaboration about us. That which is evident requires no introduction or appreciation. Our clothing selections and exclusive personal style services would make it an attainable reality to own a special dress for every woman. Beauty, to a great extent, is God-given. But we shall certainly make one more presentable and admirable. Our Style Assessment will be done by an experienced specialist, and we have specially designed a questionnaire aimed to reveal your projections as to the type of dress needed by you. We have a unique album that gives minute details/measurements of thousands of patterns, and an exclusive photo album. You will be shown an exclusive range of fabrics in different color/patterns, which is specially created for us by the experts and you won’t find this range in any other boutique during the season for which it is intended for. This is the guarantee and the entire range is copyrighted. Take our assurance to your exclusiveness. Women assess it better and men understand it well. Fashion is such a unique concept. I head the think tank (management) of our designers group consists of 4 women and 1 man. This is no ordinary paper partnership. Each one of us is an expert, and thinks much ahead than what is available in the fashion world today. Our sole concern is our customers are well and exclusively dressed. Step into a right company, and we look forward for a long and happy association with each of our client. People come to us with an enquiry and end up being our permanent clients. We have a purpose in everything we do—to work for the entire satisfaction of our customers. Patrick Lencioni writes, â€Å"An organization that has achieved clarity has a sense of unity around everything it does. It aligns its resources, especially the human ones, around common concepts, values, definitions, goals, and strategies’, thereby realizing the synergies that all great companies

Blog Reflection - 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Blog Reflection - 2 - Assignment Example is identified to the place where it thrives mostly and since it’s a cactus, we can expect that it would grow and adapt to an arid region where rains are low or seldom. In particular, I can imagine a desert in which extreme drought may take place and thus people who live here depend on oasis or an average body of water available on certain spots so the inhabitants as well as their humped animals with heavy loads abide by the culture of storing food and water for survival within a number of days. Similarly, due to such an identity, cactus need not be watered as one would an ordinary plant. If I had a garden, I would probably choose to plant and design field slots for roses, gerberas, chrysanthemum, lilies, solidago, gypsophila, and some greenery. I suppose these flowers would altogether produce my desired effect of impacting a splendid atmosphere where I may find conducive to indulge in my fondness to compose poems and savor reading classic literature. It has always been my dream to put up a flower garden composed of lovely fragrant flowers which I believe are highly stimulating to senses, intellect, and overall

Separation of Church and State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Separation of Church and State - Essay Example This strategy is applied by those who are as eager to separate church and state, as those who seek to integrate them more tightly. One of the other primary issues that is raised in this debate is the rather practical one as to whether or not church and state are really separated at all. It is suggested that the notions of political liberalism, democracy, and the founding principles of modern states are based implicitly on moral codes and mores derived from religious institutions. Thus, religion and government are not inseparable a priori. The second type of argument given in this vein offers that the increase in the number and percentage of religious practices which exist here in the United States, mandates a level of management if not expressly establishment from Federal, State and local governments. The number of individuals who claim a religious affiliation that is neither Christian, Jewish, nor non-affiliated has risen from 7% to 20% in the past 30 years (Walker 1). While it migh t be the case that such diversity is to be lauded, the legal intricacies that must be navigated to ensure that these various religious practices have the "free exercise" guaranteed to them by the Constitution while simultaneously maintaining supposed "neutrality" on the relative merits of any individual religion (or non-religion for that matter) has become fraught with inconsistencies and difficulties. In this paper I will briefly highlight and discuss some of these difficulties, ideological and practical, philosophical and historical, that have made this issue such an integral part of the national debate for decades. Thomas Jefferson, a founding father and author of the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom, was indeed so partial to this document, that the drafting of this document along with his drafting of the Declaration of Independence and the founding of the University of Virginia, were the only three accomplishments he wished to have listed on his epitaph (Owen 496). The document itself is divided into three sections; the first section lays out the incoherence and troubles that compulsory adherence, or support of a religion would create. While Jefferson and other founding fathers were perhaps committed to disestablishment and free exercise, very few of them were "neutral" on the topic of religion altogether. Even from the text of this legal statute, religiosity, if not explicitly religion is evident in the nature and language of the text as can be seen from the beginning of the statute: "Whereas Almighty God hath created the mind free; that all attempts to influence it by temporal puni shments or burthens [sic], or by civil incapacitations, tend only to beget habits of hypocrisy and meanness, and are a departure from the plan of the Holy author of our religion" (Nancy 13). Thomas Jefferson was undeniably "a believer," with all of the connotations and implications that that phrase implies. Thus, when we consider what modern or contemporary concepts are part and parcel of the phrase "separation of church and state" our language today differs in a much more secular direction than Jefferson's "wall" might initially have entailed. Another formative document that reveals the early history and potential mindset of some of the founding framers' view of Church and its role in the state derive from an early Treaty signed

International human rights law and how the health care has improved in Essay

International human rights law and how the health care has improved in 3 counties - Essay Example The organization also went further to shed more light on how these rights were connected with health. Many countries adopted this and evidence shows that progress have been made as countries have been striving to integrate these into their health systems since 2002 (World Health Organization, 2002). This paper examines the progress that has been made by three countries: Kenya, Mexico and the US. In Mexico, for instance, a lot have improved, especially in the field of mental health. For a long time, people with mental health problems would be dumped into institutions and be subjected to inhumane treatment without being allowed back into the community. International law on human rights recognizes that people have a right to treatment in least restrictive environment and within their communities. It is because of this that Mexico health care system has been reformed to support community integration of mentally disabled persons. Both state and national health budgetary allocation have been increased since 2002, and this has helped significant enforcement of community integration of the mentally disabled. Patient dumping has since stopped through introduction of an individualized outplacement plan for persons into the community. Similarly, conditions within the institutions were also improved due to the provision of such basic needs as food, clothes, and bedding. Besides, essential medication, dental care, hygiene, and safety were also adopted to help improve health of the institutionalized psychiatric cases. Through the recognition of the international laws that relate human rights to health and poverty reduction (issue no 5), Kenya has progressed tremendously in the area of reproductive health. The Kenyan government has since 2002, adopted laws that ensure the integration of family planning services into the healthcare system as a means of reducing

How the media portrays African American women and african american Research Paper

How the media portrays African American women and african american families - Research Paper Example Actually, the problem of women rights can not be regarded as newly appeared. All women from different parts of the planet fought for their rights that should be equal to those gained by men. Of course, there is no need to mention those people who devoted their lives to fighting for the rights of black people. It is almost unbelievable that the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson that claimed for the rights of every citizen to be observed, technically served only the white citizens’ interests. Thus, being a nation of the nations, the USA turned to be unable to provide all the citizens with equal rights. And since the very start of the US history, black people were fighting at first for their freedom and then - for their rights. The attitude and public perception of black women still deserves speaking about. Living in a civilized society, where human rights must be observed and cherished, it is hard to believe that some people still suffer from intolerant treating an d have their right violated. Very few of us really pay our precious attention to the problem of stereotypical depiction of black people by contemporary mass media. Still, it does not mean that such problem doe not exist at all. It is an undeniable fact that every nation, every ethnic group are viewed through the prism of a set of social stereotypes that not always and, frankly speaking, almost never prove to be true. Black women are a special category which is very often becomes exploited by mass media in its own interests. The question of a famous journalist Jake Snow is very topical and sounds anxious, - â€Å"Think about how often you see an African-American woman being portrayed on the screen as brave, intelligent, and strong or playing a leadership role?†( Snow 2009). Maybe some of us would say we don’t have to focus our attention on such trifles and this problem is not very serious, but, nonetheless, it doesn’t become less abusive and humiliating. The very fact of arousing this issue is quite outspoken – if people talk about that, it means something is not OK here. Let’s recollect Mammy from a famous Hollywood movie â€Å"Gone by the Wind†. It is almost impossible to forget her awful manners, her constant grumbling and crudeness. Though it is hard to disagree that her character was a complete embodiment of positive and life-asserting values, the mass media has caught this stereotypic portraying immediately and proceeds exploiting it nowadays. Even when we take a look at her we see a big, overweight woman, and that does not correspond to our ideal of beauty. Mammy is an uneducated woman who is loyal to her masters, but still she is a slave. Though slavery has gone long ago, the image of Mammy remained unchanged, and such portraying of the black women, if put it mildly, lack tactfulness and respect. â€Å"The stereotypical woman being portrayed by the media is shallow, weak, unintelligent, and incapable of making decisions on her own, untrustworthy, materialistic, and promiscuous† (Snow, 2009). The black women are suppose to be narrow-minded, always unsatisfied with their own lives, they are rarely portrayed as successful business women, learned professors or simply reserved and well-educated member of society. Black big â€Å"mammies† are to provide the white people with comfort raise children and take care of them, but they are, as it was

Final Project Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final Project - Coursework Example Provide outstanding new method of music education for students, excellent instructors and new experience for students. Full services to help students applying schools in any country to study music and students can feel safe being with us. b. We want to be the leader of Chinese music education, and make the revolutionary change. Every employee must be highly educated and/or has an international view of music education. We will arrange visits to US music schools for faculty and staff training later in time. The employees are able to express suggestions for improvements. Each leader will be specialized and expertise on required field of knowledge. Mostly the executive board is responsible for the operation of the corporation; employees’ input is encouraged, could be reported straight to the upper level of operation and is delivered to the executive board. We believe this structure would work better with our company since the amount of our employees is going to be large. Best-experienced instructors graduated from great music schools aboard and are great performers; employees are able to offer bi-lingual classes and western educational style classes. Staffs are able to connect and corporate with famous music schools aboard for summer programs and master classes. Textbooks are originally imported from music schools in western countries. Employees that are teaching in the classes are able to operate high-tech equipment. Employees are supposed to have overseas experience, are fluent in English and Chinese in case of dealings with foreign employees. They also have to have the ability to judge the level of people’s work and class quality. c. Right now we only have 4 employees and 5 members (customers); we had 10 members for our summer master class. We are looking to expand to at least 20 faculty instructors in our first Shanghai’s Center, and around 100 members, for summer master class we will look into 50 members. 3. AL is primarily for

The Action of President Johnson Essay Example for Free

The Action of President Johnson Essay â€Å"The Action of President Johnson were far more important to the Civil Rights Movement than that of President Kennedy in the years 1960 to 1965† Explain what you agree or disagree with in this view. (24) President Kennedy was slow to help blacks during his short time in power during 1961 to 1963. Due to him having a close electoral victory he was hesitant to help blacks as he would become less popular amongst the whites, although he had a lot of power to do so anyway. Civil Rights legislation simply was not part of Kennedys agenda, he did use the power of the executive to back up Brown v. Board of education, but he supported no legislation to enforce or extend Civil Rights. However Kennedy had been so shocked by the number of blacks employed that he put pressure on the civil service to employ blacks. Even Kennedy himself promoted 40 blacks to top positions within the White House. However down south the situation was harder to change and Kennedy had to balance morality and practicality as he didn’t want to lose white southern voters. He’d been most helpful with his symbolic gestures by inviting more blacks than any other previous President. His group the EEOC also didn’t have much impact amongst the blacks but left a lasting impact by reminding employers of their obligations. In President Kennedys last attempts of the Civil Rights Bill to help black workers and blacks to use their vote; however the bill got stuck in congress. Johnson did not deviate from the Kennedy agenda significantly while serving the remainder of Kennedys term, but after getting elected in his own right vigorously pursued Civil Rights legislation, and got most of his Civil Rights legislation enacted into law before the new Congress had gotten their chairs warm. It only passed congress once President Johnson who came into power after Kennedy’s assassination continued to try and push the bill through although told it would affect the 1964 presidential election; Johnson insisted that discrimination was wrong. He’d had a vision of the ‘Great Society’, with an end to poverty and racial injustice. In conclusion Kennedy could be seen as someone who calculated his approach to racial problems, only helping blacks when forced to do so. The Civil Rights Bill which had been handed to congress by Kennedy was an important step to the civil Rights movement and although it was passed during Johnsons power it’s unsure if it was due to the sadness over Kennedys assassination, because of Kennedys efforts with the congressmen, or because of President Johnson.

War in Africa: The North African Campaign

War in Africa: The North African Campaign Destiny Yeakey The North African Campaign lasted from 1941-1943 (Erwin Rommel History.com). During this campaign, Adolf Hitler created The Afrika Korps; they were lead by Erwin Rommel. The Afrika Korps was the German expeditionary force in Africa. The Korps also had different groups of panzer divisions. Panzer divisions were the armoured divisions in the army branch of the Wehrmacht and of Nazi Germany during World War II. The Afrika Korps was beneficial for Erwin Rommel because they helped him maintain territorial gains in North Africa (Rommel in Africa History.com), gain immortality in the North African Campaign, and fight a clean war. The Western Desert Campaign The campaign started when rommel arrived in libya (Western desert campaign: Egypt and Libya ushmm.org, ). In Libya he tried to take control of troops. Those troops were sent to reinforce the Germans allies (Western desert campaign: Egypt and Libya ushmm.org, ). He also tried to reinforce other things. He tried to reinforce the Italians position in the war (Western desert campaign: Egypt and Libya ushmm.org,). The Deutsches Afrika Korps were also created during this time. They were created for the purpose of keeping up with territorial gains in North Africa (Rommel in Africa History.com). They were first called the Army Korps (Western desert campaign: Egypt and Libya ushmm.org,). The name was changed by Adolf Hitler the creator of the korps. During the korps first battle they only had about 30 tanks ready for war (North Africa Campaigns Britannica). The struggle of the Suez Canal also became a problem during this time. The struggle started when hitler ordered attack in the canal and the u.s. embassy CairoErwin Rommel BHS). He ordered attack during the summer of 1942. The struggle was a big deal because the canal had main access to oil from the middle east (World war 2: North Africa Campaign History.com). The canal also had main access to raw materials to parts of Asia (World war 2: North Africa Campaign History.com). The North African Campaign Hitler causing the attack on Cairo and the canal cause oil to become a critical strategic. It became critical due to the increase of modern armies (World war 2: North Africa Campaign Historynet.com). During this time they realized the naval battle and the campaign were mainly just extensions of each other (World war 2: North Africa Campaign Historynet.com). The naval battle was a battle of the Pacific. The naval battle ended February 19, 1915 January 9, 1916. Italy attacked Ethiopia from its colony (World war 2: North Africa Campaign Historynet.com). At this point the total control of Africa started struggling (World war 2: North Africa Campaign Historynet.com) . The Egyptians eventually granted britain permission to stations (World war 2: North Africa Campaign Historynet.com). Stations were large forces in their territory. The Italians also invaded Egypt (World war 2: North Africa Campaign theatlantic.com). The Egyptian forces captured almost 130,000 italians in their attempt to invade Egypt (World war 2: North Africa Campaign theatlantic.com). The outcome would have been better if the Italians would have stayed to themselves. For example if the Italians would have stayed neutral the British access to sea lanes would have remained assured (World war 2: North Africa Campaign Historynet.com). The Italians wouldnt have lost 130,000 troops either. Panzer Divisions The panzer divisions were another force in the Afrika Korps. They were supplied very well. They had multiple kinds of weapons. Some of the weapons including tanks, assault guns, tank destroyers, etc (German technological superiority topedge.com). The main division that was based around guns was division 3 (German technological superiority topedge.com). The Germans were the ones who controlled the divisions. Saying that they had many divisions. The panzer divisions were 1,2,3 and a few 4 (German technological superiority topedge.com). There was only two divisions based around tanks, that being divisions 3 and 4 (German technological superiority topedge.com). The Afrika Korps relied on the panzer divisions. They relied on them for tanks and backup. They mainly relied in panzer divisions 3-4 though (German technological superiority topedge.com). Considering panzer division had about 8,553 tanks ready for each battle. The others were used as backup supplied with many various guns. In conclusions the afrika korps was beneficial for Erwin Rommel because they helped him maintain territorial gains in North Africa, gain immortality in the North African campaign, and fight a clean war. It was the only land based fight that the allies could take to axis power. And the war ended with most allied victories. The war ended in 1943. Erwin soon died on October 14, 1944.

Photography :: photo picture photograph

Missing Images Photography wasn’t considered a form of art in the United States until the turn of the century when a man named Alfred Steiglitz fought throughout his lifetime to make sure we recognized it as an art form. It was only used as a form of science up until then. There is a lot of chemistry when it comes to photography; mixing different chemicals for film and paper as well as the four or five different â€Å"baths† for each the film and paper. And to know what film to use, which paper and what chemicals will form the best possible images. This is why most people pay to get their film developed. Photography is really complex due to the different kinds of sciences, art and imagination involved. We’ve already mentioned the chemistry, and very briefly the art of photography; now we will explore some of the physics of photography. Light rays, lenses, mirrors and prisms are a few examples of physical forms of photography. On the next page are three images to help understand the significance of the cameras lens, and the complexity of controlling the light waves. The first image is of a man smoking a tobacco pipe in front of an exposed sheet of film. Shown are two focal points of light rays bouncing in all directions. Instead of producing an image onto the film, the rays will just completely expose the film. The second image is of the same man, but in the middle of him and the sheet of film is a convex lens. What the convex lens does differently is redirect the light path from one single point onto corresponding point on the film. The third image is an example of why we use convex lenses instead of other lenses. The first lens in the picture hit the lens straightforward, not refracting. The second lens is similar but at an angle so some rays are refracted but the rays are not affected and continue to go straight.

We Are Heading To An Apocalypse Of Our Own Creation :: Weapons of Mass Destruction

Mankind has walked the earth for around seven million years and we have the potential to achieve greatness. Throughout history we have left our boundaries, fought diseases and plagues and studied ourselves, however most of the evidence from these studies have led to the conclusion of no future for man kind what so ever, if we continue on our current course. On July the 16th 1945, in a remote part of the New Mexico desert, the most terrifying device in human history was used for the first time. The first atomic bomb was detonated. On that day mankind finally took the apocalypse out of the hand of God and put it in their own, they gave so much power to so few that a war could be ended in seconds. This is the first and most powerful indication that mankind will destroy itself if we do not â€Å"keep track.† What stops a leader in Washington from launching a weapon of mass destruction against his enemies? The answer is simple in theory, however the repercussions of the implications made are so complex that they dare not be pondered by man. M.A.D. or Mutually Assured Destruction. That leader can be assured that if he launches a weapon against another country, that country, or it’s allies, will launch back. We have created weapons that are so terrifying that we are afraid to use them. They can end war, yet if instituted, will destroy man kind, leaving us in a â€Å"Catch 22† situation. We are the only species on earth that seeks to destroy itself. The human brain is the only brain on earth that is capable of studying itself. It has become so efficient, so as to study, how it can study itself. However we are the only species incapable of seeing how dangerous we are to ourselves. For example, two rhinos when attacking each other will run head on in the least dangerous manner, if that same rhino encounters any other species that it finds threatening, it will run for the sides of the animal to gore and kill that animal. It will protect is species by not harming it. We, on the other hand, intentionally try to destroy our species. We train men like soldiers to kill their fellow man, and yet are disgusted at murderers, and war for that mater. We have even gone so far has to employ colossal institutions who’s We Are Heading To An Apocalypse Of Our Own Creation :: Weapons of Mass Destruction Mankind has walked the earth for around seven million years and we have the potential to achieve greatness. Throughout history we have left our boundaries, fought diseases and plagues and studied ourselves, however most of the evidence from these studies have led to the conclusion of no future for man kind what so ever, if we continue on our current course. On July the 16th 1945, in a remote part of the New Mexico desert, the most terrifying device in human history was used for the first time. The first atomic bomb was detonated. On that day mankind finally took the apocalypse out of the hand of God and put it in their own, they gave so much power to so few that a war could be ended in seconds. This is the first and most powerful indication that mankind will destroy itself if we do not â€Å"keep track.† What stops a leader in Washington from launching a weapon of mass destruction against his enemies? The answer is simple in theory, however the repercussions of the implications made are so complex that they dare not be pondered by man. M.A.D. or Mutually Assured Destruction. That leader can be assured that if he launches a weapon against another country, that country, or it’s allies, will launch back. We have created weapons that are so terrifying that we are afraid to use them. They can end war, yet if instituted, will destroy man kind, leaving us in a â€Å"Catch 22† situation. We are the only species on earth that seeks to destroy itself. The human brain is the only brain on earth that is capable of studying itself. It has become so efficient, so as to study, how it can study itself. However we are the only species incapable of seeing how dangerous we are to ourselves. For example, two rhinos when attacking each other will run head on in the least dangerous manner, if that same rhino encounters any other species that it finds threatening, it will run for the sides of the animal to gore and kill that animal. It will protect is species by not harming it. We, on the other hand, intentionally try to destroy our species. We train men like soldiers to kill their fellow man, and yet are disgusted at murderers, and war for that mater. We have even gone so far has to employ colossal institutions who’s

Books for Africa Essay example -- Non-Charitable Organization

Books for Africa has kept over 28 million books out of landfills.(â€Å"Got books†page 1) Books for Africa is a organization that sends books to less fortunate children in Africa. Books for Africa is working hard to improve literacy rates in Africa. Books for Africa is a non-charitable organization that sends books to less fortunate kids in Africa. The organization is 100 percent volunteers dedicated to raising money to buy books. I'm sure you are wondering about sending books to Africa. The African literacy rate is very low and sending books to Africa helps the children in Africa learn how to read and write. (â€Å"Why Books?† Page 1) So, the organization is trying to fill the library shelves with books. United States Congressman of Minnesota said Keith Ellison â€Å"In Kenya, we were in a small village and the students had a wonderful school. They were eager to learn. They had motivated teachers, but they didn’t have any books in the school. They had no library. And so, imagine how proud I was to open up this box of shiny new encyclopedias and dictionaries from Books For Africa. They want more of your books. They can’t wait. They can’t get enough of these books.† (â€Å"Why Books?† page 1) Last year, Books for Africa sent 10 sea containers to Africa. (â€Å"Got books† page 1) Each container can hold up to 22,000 books and each costs $9,800. (â€Å"Books from America† page 1) Books are like video games in Africa, kids love them. So, that is why this organization sends books. They don’t only send books to kids in Africa they send E books, which are electronic devices that allow you to download books to them and you read them off of there. (â€Å"E-books for Africa† page 1†) Which is great since they don't have many books and the books they have are usually... ... bridge from misery to hope.†(â€Å"Books for Africa† page 1) Charity navigator the magazine said, â€Å"Books For Africa has earned its third consecutive 4-star rating for its ability to efficiently manage and grow its finances. Only 11% of the charities we rate have received this 'exceptional' designation, indicating that Books For Africa consistently executes its mission in a fiscally responsible way and outperforms most other charities in America.† (â€Å"Books for Africa† page 1) This just shows how this organization is growing. Its growing fast to! Books for Africa is doing everything in there power to increase the literacy rate in Africa. It is shown that in the communities that have received books more people are becoming more literate. This proves that Books for Africa is doing a lot to improve literacy rates. Books for Africa is going to do great things in the future.

Pros and Cons of Affirmative Action Essay

Affirmative action is a policy in which the previously disadvantaged due to discrimination receive priority.   It came to existence as a remedy toward discrimination and then became a problem all by itself according to some theorists, who are opponents to it. Supporters believe affirmative action should be adopted to provide equal employment opportunity, but facts show that it does not.   Affirmative action is a very controversial issue, which has been debated for more than thirty years.  Ã‚   Unlike discrimination, there are not so many laws against affirmative action, but opponents are indeed working on banning it wherever it is possible for them to do so. TABLE OF CONTENTS Brief Overview of Affirmative Action Origin of Affirmative Action Views of Affirmative Action People who benefit from Affirmative Action Employment and Affirmative Action Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity Legal Issues of Affirmative Action How to Stop Affirmative Action from Being Taken Pros and Cons of Affirmative Action Brief Overview of Affirmative Action   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Affirmative Action is usually defined as an active effort to improve employment or educational opportunities for members of minority groups and women or one to promote the rights or progress of other disadvantaged people. (Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. Merriam-Webster, 2002)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In practice, affirmative action is taken by giving women and people from a minority group priority.   For instance, a company has an opening for a bookkeeper.   On determining who should be hired, the company gives women and people from a minority group priority.   This could also happen with promotion: only women and people from a   minority group are likely to be promoted, and with education: women and people from a minority group have better chances of obtaining grants and scholarships that would enable them to attend college.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another way of illustrating how affirmative action is taken would be with a classroom in which some students receive a great deal of unfair punishments.   One day it is brought to the teacher’s attention that she will be dismissed unless unfair practices are stopped.   In an attempt to correct the past unacceptable behavior, the teacher starts treating those students with some kind of preference.   In the beginning this will be certainly appropriate, as those students will need to feel that they are not ill-treated anymore. Origin of Affirmative Action   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Affirmative action is believed to have come about as a remedy to the awful  discrimination that regrettably used to take place.   As a matter of   fact, according to T.H. Anderson, (2004) in 1940 discrimination was tradition and in some states it was  even law.   Sad though it might now sound to us, the most educated and  refined African-American did not have the rights the most illiterate  and indecent white individual did (p. 2). Therefore, when discrimination  became illegal in the United States, affirmative action started to  take place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By the mid-1970’s minorities and women were winning significant victories, which could be seen on construction sites,  exemplified by the Metro in Washington D.C.   Mayor Walter E.  Washington took a dramatic step, mandating a strong affirmative action  program in which all private companies doing business or having contracts with city hall would have to submit plans with goals to  advanced minorities and women. (J.H. Anderson, 2004, p. 142)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A valid affirmative action plan is one means of trying to undo the  effects of past illegal discrimination.   Under such a plan, an  employer makes employment decisions based on race or sex factor that  ordinarily can’t be considered, in order to restore equal opportunity  employment for groups that have faced discrimination. When a court finds that a business has discriminated and there are no  other effective means to remedy the discrimination, the court may  require the business to take affirmative action.   For example, a court  may order a company to hire one African-American employee for every two white ones hired until the company’s workforce resembles the  racial mix of the community.   (F.S. Steinhold, 2007, p. 156)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A business may also have to set up an affirmative action plan as part  of voluntary settling a court case or the proceeding of E.E.O.C. (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission).   Any voluntary  program must meet the E.E.O.C.’s Guidelines on Affirmative Action Plans. (F.S. Steinhold, 2007, p. 156) Views of Affirmative Action   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Because it appears that originally valid plans of affirmative action became in a way corrupted or abused, there have been some opponents to it.   Affirmative action is a subject that has been debated and analyzed by philosophers, legal scholars, social scientists, politicians, journalists, editorial writers, and common citizens for three decades.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Basically, the debate has two sides: the Right and the Left.   The Right, which is totally against it, states that Affirmative action only causes people to obtain what they desire not because they deserve it, but because they belong to a group that was discriminated in the past.   According to this site, affirmative action is unmeritocratic, leads to reverse-discrimination, and is an un-American guarantee of equal results instead of equal opportunity.   The Left, which supports it, states that affirmative action is a compensation for past injustices and a guarantee of a fair share of the economic pie. (J.D. Skrentny, 1996, p. 1 & 2)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To reconcile the two views, it could perhaps be said that an affirmative action plan might be proper in the beginning of a non-discriminatory period of time; women and people from minority groups should feel that they are not discriminated anymore.   On the other hand, there is no reason for this period of time to last forever.   For instance, in the United States discrimination became illegal a very long time ago, so previously discriminated people should not be given any kind of priority because of what it used to happen in the distant past.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When it became vital to take the affirmative action in the turbulent period of 1964 to 1971, a careful consideration of the cultural and historical circumstances became absolutely necessary in its debate and an explanation for why it happened was needed as well.   (Clayton & Crosby, 1992, p. 2) Nowadays, more than thirty years after that period, affirmative action would simply be against logic and no explanation could possibly be given as a result.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Affirmative Action is believed to be one of the most controversial policies in the United States.   â€Å"The issues are complex, they stir strong feelings, and in the media everyone seems to have an opinion on the topic (Clayton & Crosby, 1992, p. 1).   This implies that a great deal of understanding is needed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The complexity of affirmative action as a topic is illustrated by the controversy of whether the version of the Civil Rights Act of 1991 required or prohibited quotas – George Bush’s belief versus his proponents -, the appointment of Clarence Thomas – an affirmative action beneficiary who surprisingly opposed it -, and the apparent shift in the Supreme Court. (S.D. Clayton & F.J. VanDeVeer, 2000, p. 4)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Opponents of affirmative action are believed   to come from a variety of quarters: Supreme Court Justice Thomas – an African-American who opposes it – Thomas Sowell, Shelby Steele, and Glenn Lowry – African-American critics who gained national attention speaking about the policy -, and Stephen Carter – William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law at Yale University. Their reactions to affirmative action seem very intriguing. (S.D. Clayton & F.J. VanDeVeer, 2000, p. 4)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Why people who benefit from affirmative action oppose to it deserves the amazement of whoever learns of the fact.   It could perhaps be interpreted that they want to be equal – neither better nor worse.     The fact that they are now granted more rights because they were once deprived of the ones they should have in the first place is likely to make them feel inferior.   In other words, their equality should be put in force and they should only obtain what they rightly deserve regardless of their background.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Affirmative action became a major issue in state courts in California and in Pennsylvania, where it was indeed claimed that its almost inevitable effect was reverse discrimination. People who benefit from Affirmative Action   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In general, belonging to a minority group is due to an inborn or inherited matter, like women, African Americans, and people from different origins.   On the other hand, there are some groups of people who willfully joined a minority group.   For instance, many people learned one religion at home and later converted to a different one.   Homosexuality and bi-sexuality is debatable: some theorists believe uncommon sexual orientations are in the genes, whereas some other ones believe they are a matter of option.   Regardless of which theorists are right, homosexual and bi-sexual people were victims of discrimination in the past and later became beneficiaries of affirmative action.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As we all know, African Americans were virtually the worst victims of discrimination.   Without any right whatsoever, people were taken from Africa and brought to America to be sold as slaves.   The awful slavery was abolished a few hundred years later, but African Americans were still unable to obtain what the average person usually could.   In the middle of the twentieth century, discrimination against African Americans became illegal and the law started to call for a total equality, and affirmative action was taken as a remedy. Employment and Affirmative Action   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before focusing on the fact of whether or not affirmative action should be adopted to provide equal employment opportunity, we need to understand thoroughly the basic concepts or employment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   P. K. Edwards (2003) states in his book Industrial Relations: Theory and Practice that the employment relations has two parts: market relations and managerial relations.   The former is more obvious because it covers price of labor, which embraces not only the basic wage but also hours of work, holidays and pension rights.   In this respect, labor is like any other commodity, with a price which represents the total cost of enjoying its use. Yet labor differs from all other commodities in that it is enjoyed in use and is embodied in people.   A machine in a factory is also enjoyed in use and for what it can produce.   Yet how it is used is solely up to the owner.   The ‘owner’ of labor, the employer has to persuade the worker, that is, the person in whom the labor in embodied, to work. (p. 9)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most companies have employees nowadays, given that it simply becomes impossible for the owner to do everything all by him- or herself.   On hiring a new employee, companies have their own criteria.   We see quite often that the same employee who does not qualify for one company does for another one.   Employees are chosen based on the companies’ budget and needs.   In general, a large, profitable business is likely to choose a better skilled worker than a small business that operates at low budget.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Small businesses, which are usually constrained by the pressure of not exceeding their low budget, might also be selective in their own way.   A very unskilled person, however economical he or she might be, is likely to be of no significant assistance to the company.   As a result, the company might end up loosing money because of him or her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When a person is to be hired by a company, it is imperative that it be done under the equal employment opportunity basis.   The best candidate should be the one taking over the position.   Failure to do so would be an unfair practice that might eventually lead to some significant problems.   F.J. Crosby and C. VanDeVeer (2000) wrote in their book Sex, Race and Merit: Often, when a problem has been identified, hiring or promotion goals are instituted. In classical affirmative action programs (where the employer monitors to make sure that qualified people are hired and promoted) the goals are derived from close study of the organization and are based on realistic appraisals of the labor market. (p. 4) From the above, we see that classical affirmative action is a way in which equal opportunity employment is achieved, and supporters of affirmative action indeed focus on the remedy of unfair acts of discrimination performed in the past.   Everybody believes that the employer is to monitor to make sure that qualified people are hired and promoted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In fact, the goal of affirmative action when it came to existence was equal employment opportunity.   Nonetheless, its practice later on became corrupted and its present goal is to give priority to people who belong to a minority group that was discriminated in the past.   Many opponents of affirmative action would indeed oppose to discrimination and would agree to a policy in which only qualified people are hired and competent employees are promoted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  J.M. Bernbach (1998), who so much disapproves of discrimination wrote: In 1996, affirmative action (the practice, fostered by federal government, of providing preferential treatment and / or opportunities to specified groups of persons in hiring or promotion, etc., as a means of correcting the present effects of past discrimination) received a good deal of negative attention. (p.3) On certain occasions, affirmative action seems necessary or  appropriate to remedy past injustices, but there is no reason to  believe that everybody, including people who were always against  discrimination, must follow suit. Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the name implies, equal employment opportunity is the right of every single person to be employed regardless of his or her background, i.e. race, color, national origin, religion, gender, age, disability, or reprisal. In the United States there is an organization called Equal Employment Opportunity Commission that focuses on how this right is actually granted to every individual. Burstein in his book Discrimination, Jobs, and Politics (1998) states: In order to form a satisfactory picture of what public wanted on EEO, members of the congress would, ideally, want to know about three aspects of constituents attitudes: first, whether their constituents favored EEO, second, whether they wanted the government to do anything about it; and third, whether they felt strongly about the issue.   (p. 42)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We see that the government is very much concerned about fair hiring and promotion practices.   It is indeed a fact that everybody wants equal employment opportunities; nobody favors priority on the basis of discrimination or affirmative action.   People want the government to ascertain the equal employment opportunities are in effect and they do feel strongly about the issue.   The answer of most people is that the right person should take over the position he or she rightly deserves   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Antidiscrimination programs are believed to be inefficient and costly.   The reason might be the stagnant economy that has apparently not permitted to continue with them.   Government pressures to employ or promote women and minorities may force firms to misallocate labor and thus suffer production losses.   Keeping with the current concern over productive efficiency can rather be an antidiscrimination effort. (P. Burestein, Equal Employment Opportunity, 1994, p. 85)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Better production in a company as a whole could rather achieve equality.   For instance, a company has been in business for many years and, on analyzing their activities, they come to see that their production was better when they had people with more skills in the engineering department.   As a result they decide to hire a high-skilled engineer.   When doing so, they carefully evaluate every candidate regardless of their background until they end up hiring the most suitable one.   One year later, the company analyzes their activities and see some remarkable improvements.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One might want to ask how it is possible for someone who is not so skillful to become skillful in the future.   The answer would be quite simple: more education or training, and, as we all know, education is very easy nowadays. There are many ways online that would enable one to obtain it, and there are many regular schools that could help.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some people take their not being hired as a lesson to get more education or training.   Inevitably, when the person being hired is from a majority group, some people accuse the company of being discriminatory, and, when someone from a minority group is hired, the company might also be accused of having taken affirmative action.   When something alike happens, the EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) needs to be contacted, and they need to investigate the situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The beginning of antidiscrimination and or against affirmative action is perhaps freedom.   One might question what freedom has to do with either discrimination or affirmative action, and the answer might be the actual explanation of what freedom means.   Freedom is the right to share fully and equally in American society – to vote, to hold a job, to enter a public place, to go to school.   It is right to be treated in every part of national life as a person equal in dignity and promise to all others.   (Curry, G.E. &West, C. , 1996, p. 17)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a society in which freedom is in existence, the equal opportunity employment practice is easier to put in practice.   Some people might use this freedom in an abusive form, ending up in discrimination or affirmative action.   That is why it is necessary that a commission EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity) exist.   The goal of this organization is to establish rules and regulations and, whenever a case of discrimination or affirmative action is reported, this organization needs to study it thoroughly and then determine how it could be corrected.   In some occasions, it is even necessary to take legal action. Legal Issues of Affirmative Action   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unlike discrimination, which is so clearly against the law and there is a great deal of coverage both constitutionally and statutorily, it has not become possible to have affirmative action at the same level.   No one constitutional or statutory provision covers all the many different varieties of affirmative action.   (C. Wolf-Devine, 1997, p. 182) As a result, it becomes very intricate for both judges and attorneys to deal with a case of affirmative action.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If a man that does not belong to a minority group is not hired solely because that company is currently taken affirmative action when hiring, he would first report the incidence to Equal Opportunity Employment Commission.   If the E.O.E.C. determines that the individual has brought prima facie evidence, they might decide to take legal action against that company.   The judge and the attorney are likely to regard the whole case as a reverse-discrimination and by doing so, the same sources of law that are used in a discriminating case can be used for this particular one. After all, the individual that was hired was only successful to obtain this job because he or she belongs to a minority group, not because he was the best qualified for it.   If the case had been just the opposite – the individual that was hired did not belong to a minority group, whereas the one that was not hired did – it would have been a regular discrimination case, which would have had a great deal of coverage in the American legal system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The very same situation would have been with someone who has been working at a company for a very long time and, due to his valuable qualifications, would deserve promotion.   Besides the fact that promotion is not given to him, two other co-workers – a woman and an African American – do become promoted in an attempt to take affirmative action.   Given that promotion is also controlled to E.E.O.C., the individual contacts them immediately and they determine that the matter is to be brought in front of a judge.   This case would also be treated as a discriminating case, and it indeed is a case of reverse discrimination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Herman Belz, in his book Equality Transformed (1991): Affirmative action lacks consistency and coherence insofar as the Supreme Court applied two antithetical theories of employment discrimination, upheld quotas in hiring and promotion while prohibiting them in layoffs, and used some form of strict scrutinity review to analyze discrimination under the Constitution while forsaking such reviews under Title VII – and only then asking whether a race conscious measure promoted the goal of minority employment. (p. 225 & 226) The above shows up to what point affirmative action is to be treated like discrimination when it comes to legal matter.   However, the fact that when affirmative action is taken does not at all mean that there has in fact been discrimination put judges and attorneys in a cumbersome situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While discrimination has the same principles, is clear and can be carefully considered, affirmative action – in general regarded as the opposite of discrimination – is never clear enough to be handled by a judge and attorneys.   As we know, affirmative action is sometimes taken as a remedy, whereas discrimination comes as a matter of opinion.   For instance, a company that never hires African American is sued for discrimination.   The basis of this type of discrimination will always be the same; the accused will try to deny the fact.   Someone that is sued for taking affirmative action will rather try to justify his attitude. How to Stop Affirmative Action from Being Taken   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Affirmative action is definitely not an effective diversity or opportunity policy; it is merely reverse discrimination. Given that a person obtains what he or she wishes because he or she belongs to a minority group – not because he or she deserves it, the policy is very unfair indeed.   A fair policy would be one in which the best-skilled individual takes over a position at a company or someone who qualifies for a grant or scholarship to attend college obtains it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On some occasions, there might be a court order for a company to take affirmative action.   When this happens, it is usually in an attempt to settle a lawsuit that was placed because discriminatory policies were adopted by that particular company.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When affirmative action is taken on a voluntary basis without any good reason whatsoever, it becomes a legal transgression that is just as awful as discrimination.   Obviously, a court cannot order a company taking affirmative action to be discriminatory from now on, as this would only be an awful crime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The solution toward the problem of taking affirmative action is quite simple: the company should make their hiring and promotion decision based on the workers skills and qualifications, not based on the fact that that particular individual belongs to a minority group.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission should come up with some guidelines to prevent companies from taking affirmative action altogether.   Those guidelines should be brought to the attention of the U.S. Senate in order for them to become laws.   As we know, when a company is accused of taking affirmative action, judges and attorneys find it difficult to handle the case, because there are not enough laws against it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Copying the laws of discrimination would not be an option, because a court would never order a company to discriminate, whereas it might order a company to take affirmative action as a remedy for past discriminatory activities.   New laws need to be put in force, as laws against affirmative action were in some occasions questioning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is very painful to pinpoint that extreme affirmative action is widespread in the United States, and there does not seem to be any solution at first sight.  Ã‚   Under the assumption that affirmative is taken as a remedy toward discrimination, the number of individual that claim to suffer from affirmative actions exceeds the number of the ones who suffered from discrimination in the past and now benefit from the policy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Empirically the official case for affirmative action is weak and conceptually it is loose.   Believing that the policy has been â€Å"good for America† and that it has been an instantaneous move to â€Å"color-blindness† would be ill-advised.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Equal opportunity is supported by everybody, but it would be inappropriate to the extreme to believe that the way to achieve it is phasing out affirmative action. Michigan, a state in which there are many opponents, is one of the ones that have intended to ban affirmative action altogether, and such a measure is believed to be one of the harshest attacks on affirmative action to come to a vote anywhere in the country. This movement has been called â€Å"Michigan Civil Rights Initiative† and it deserves to be called the Michigan Anti-Affirmative Action Initiative. It was also intended to add language to the Michigan state constitution to disallow â€Å"preferential treatment† based on gender, or race. Other states following suit are California, Washington State, and Florida.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The passage of the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative would specifically ban public institutions from using affirmative action programs that give preferential treatment to people from minority groups and prohibit public institutions from discriminating against groups or individuals that do not belong to those groups.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Michigan Civil Rights Initiative is indeed very appropriate and the whole country, as well as the whole world, should follow in their footsteps. Anderson, T.H. (2004). Pursuit of Fairness: A History of Affirmative Action. Oxford University Press, (p.2, 3 & 142) Belz, H. (1991) Equality Transformed, Transaction Publishers (p225 & p226) Bernbach, J.M. (1998). Job Discrimination II, Voire Dire Press (p. 3 & 4) Burestein, P. (1994). Equal Employment Opportunity, Aldine Transaction (p. 85) Burestein, P. (1998). Discrimination, Jobs, and Politics. University of Chicago Press (p. 42) Clayton, S.D., & Crosby, F.J. (1992). Justice, Gender, and Affirmative Action. University of Michigan Press (p. 1 & 2) Clayton, S.D., & by F.J. &, VanDeVeer, C. (2000). Sex, Race, and Merit.   University of Michigan Press (p. 4) Curry, G.E. & West, C. (1996). The Affirmative Action Debate, Basic Books (p. 17) Edwards, P.K. (2000). Industrial Relations: Theory and Practice. Blackwell Publishing (p. 9) Skrentny, J.D. (1996). The Ironies of Affirmative Action: Politics, Culture, and Justice in America. University of Chicago Press (p. 1 & 2) Steinhold, F.S. (2007) The Employee’s Legal Handbook, Nolo, (p. 156) Wolf-Devine, C. (1997) Diversity and Community in the Academy, Rowman & Littlefield, (p. 182) Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. Merriam-Webster, 2002

An Exploration of Careers in Information Technology

At the beginning of my computer information course I was presented with challenge of writing a research paper. We were given several topics to choose from and I chose the topic of careers in information technology. The focus will be on the computer support specialist, the database administrator, the network and computer systems administrator, the computer, office machine and automated teller technician, the programmer, the software engineer, the cryptographer, the computer trainer, and the desktop publisher. I will explore what each profession is, the duties, the work environment, the education required to be in each profession, the earning potential and the future employment outlook of each field. Computer support specialists may also be called technical support specialists or help-desk technicians. A computer specialist provides technical assistance, support and advice to organizations and individuals. â€Å"They resolve common networking problems and may use troubleshooting programs to diagnose problems. Most computer support specialists are hired to work within a company to provide support for other employees and divisions. (O'Leary ; O'Leary, 2008) Much like the computer support specialist a technical support specialist provides support within an organization and oversees the daily performance of their company’s computer systems. The help-desk technician works directly with the customer responding to phone and email correspondence from them to ascertain their dilemma and pro vide them with assistance in solving their problems. These workers typically work in well-lit office settings or in computer labs. Because many skills are needed for these positions the education requirements vary. A college degree is required for some computer support specialist positions, but an associate degree or certification may be sufficient for others. Strong problem-solving and communication skills are essential. † (Labor, 2010) A computer support specialist can expect to earn an annual salary of $26,000 up to $76,000. â€Å"Median annual wages of wage-and-salary computer support specialists were $43,450 in May 2008. The middle 50 percent earned between $33,680 and $55,990. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $26,580, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $70,750. (Labor, 2010) The future employment outlook for workers in this position is good and expected to rapidly increase. A slight slowing may occur due to outsourcing however the job prospects remain positive. Those possessing bachelor’s degrees and relevant experience will have an advantage with employers. The database administrator is one who works with database management software to determine ways to stor e, organize, analyze, use, and present data. â€Å"They identify user needs and set up new computer databases. In many cases, database administrators must integrate data from old systems into a new system. They also test and coordinate modifications to the system when needed, and troubleshoot problems when they occur. An organization’s database administrator ensures the performance of the system. † (Labor, 2010) Their duties also include adding users and they may have to help with security measures. The work environment for these workers is ideally a comfortable well-lit office setting. With the expansion of computer networks they are often able to telecommute from home. The level of education requirement in this field largely depends on the employer. Workers can enter this field with many different levels of formal education, but relevant computer skills are always needed and certification may improve an applicant’s chances for employment. † (Labor, 2010) A worker in this field can expect an annual salary ranging from $39,900 to $91,850. The future employment outlook for the database administrator is good with a projected increase of 20% over the next eight years. Network and computer systems administrators are workers whose duties are to design, install, and support an organization’s computer system. They are responsible for LANs, WANs, network segments, and Internet and intranet systems. They install and maintain network hardware and software, analyze problems, and monitor networks to ensure their availability to users. These workers gather data to evaluate a system’s performance, identify user needs, and determine system and network requirements. † (Labor, 2010) The work environment for these workers is ideally a comfortable well-lit office setting. With the expansion of computer networks they are often able to telecommute from home. The education requirement for these workers is typically a bachelor’s degree but a professional certification may be adequate for some employers. â€Å"Experience with network security and maintenance is preferred. Because network administrators are involved directly with people in many departments, good communication skills are essential. † (O'Leary ; O'Leary, 2008) Network and computer system administrators can expect to earn an annual salary ranging from $41,000 to $104,070. â€Å"Median annual wages of network and computer systems administrators were $66,310 in May 2008. The middle 50 percent earned between $51,690 and $84,110. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $41,000, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $104,070. † (Labor, 2010) The future employment outlook for the network and computer systems administrator is good and projected to increase by %23 over the next eight years. The computer, office machine and automated teller technicians are workers, who repair, install, fix, and maintain many of the machines that are used by businesses, households, and consumers. The computer technician is also known as a computer service technician or data processing equipment repairers. Duties include servicing mainframes, personal computers, servers, printers, installations and hands-on- repairs. The office machine technician repairs and maintains company machinery on site or for smaller machinery they may have a repair shop. The automated teller technician installs, repairs, maintains automated teller machines and electronic kiosks. These workers are often in the field. The work environment for these three technicians is most commonly are clean well-lit surroundings. Because computers and office machines are sensitive to extreme temperatures and humidity, repair shops usually are air-conditioned and well ventilated. Field repairers must travel frequently to various locations to install, maintain, or repair customers' equipment. ATM repairers may have to perform their jobs in small, confined spaces that house the equipment. Because computers and ATMs are critical for many organizations to function efficiently, data processing equipment repairers and ATM field technicians often work around the clock. [ (Labor, 2010) ] The education required for these positions is certification in computer repair or an associate degree. Employers also require knowledge and experience with electronics. Workers in these fields can expect to earn an annual salary ranging from approximately $23,000 to $43,000. The future employment outlook for these positions is projected to decline by 4% over the next eight years. As new innovations emerge with new machinery they require fewer repairs. The duties of a computer programmer is on who writes programs. The duties include converting the design of computer software design into a logical series of instructions that the computer can follow. Depending on the need, they code these instructions into any number of programming languages. They also update, repair, modify, and expand existing programs. Computer programmers usually work in an office environment or in a laboratory. Usually a bachelor’s degree is required to work in this field however some employers will accept a two year degree or professional certification. They can expect to earn an annual salary ranging from $40,000 to $111,450. Median annual wages of wage-and-salary computer programmers were $69,620 in May 2008. The middle 50 percent earned between $52,640 and $89,720 a year. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $40,080, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $111,450. † [ (Labor, 2010) ] The future employment outlook for the computer programmer is expected to decline slowly by 3% over the next eight yea rs. This decline is due to outsourcing and advancements in programming languages. A software engineer analyzes users’ needs and creates application software. They apply the theories and principles of computer science and mathematical analysis to create, test, and evaluate the software applications and systems that make computers work. † [ (Labor, 2010) ] Some of the types of software they design are games, applications and operating systems. They typically work in office environments or telecommute from home. Most employers require a bachelor’s degree and extensive knowledge of computers and technology. â€Å"Those with specific experience with networking, the Internet, and Web applications may have an advantage over other applicants. Employers typically look for good communication and analytical skills. † [ (O'Leary & O'Leary, 2008) ] Software engineers can expect to earn an annual salary of approximately $53,000 to $128,000. â€Å"In May 2008, median annual wages of wage-and-salary computer software engineers were $85,430. The middle 50 percent earned between $67,790 and $104,870. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $53,720, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $128,870. † [ (Labor, 2010) ] The future employment outlook for workers in this position is good. It is projected to increase by 21% over the next eight years. Cryptography is the study and practice of encryption and decryption. Encryption is the conversion of data into a form, called a cipher text that cannot be easily understood by unauthorized people. Decryption is the process of converting encrypted data back into its original form, so it can be understood. â€Å"Cryptographic technicians are responsible for operating cryptographic equipment that is used to code, decode, and transmit secret information. Such equipment is used in law enforcement agencies, armed forces, and business organizations. (University, 2010) The work environment for the cryptographer is a stressful one. They typically work at large corporations, as professors or for the government. Usually the education required in order to become a cryptographer is a PhD. â€Å"All cryptographers must have broad experience in both mathematics and computer science or information systems. † (O'Leary & O'Leary, 2008) They can expect to earn an annual salary ranging from $60, 000 to $101,000. The future employment outlook for workers in this field is good. Because cryptography is very specialized there is a large demand for workers. A computer trainer is a type of training specialist that teaches new users how to use the latest software or hardware. â€Å"Responsibilities typically include preparation of course materials, grading coursework, and continuing education in the field. † (O'Leary & O'Leary, 2008) The type of instruction they provide depends on what setting they are in. Some of the different types of settings they work in are corporations, schools, seminars and consultations. Their working environments are typically offices, classrooms, or conference rooms. The trainer who works in a school is usually required to have a bachelor’s degree and teaching certification. â€Å"Corporate trainers and consultants may only need experience using the software being taught. Many software trainers are self-taught and rely on the knowledge they have gained working with various programs. † (University, 2010) Workers in this field can expect to earn an annual salary ranging from $26,000 to $54,000. The future outlook for employment in this field is expected growth of faster than average over the next four years. A desktop publisher uses computers to format and create publication-ready material. â€Å"Ways in which they create this material are to use computer software to format and combine text, data, photographs, charts, and other graphic art or illustrations into prototypes of pages and other documents that are to be printed. They then may print the document on a high-resolution printer or send the materials to a commercial printer. Examples of materials produced by desktop publishers include books, brochures, calendars, magazines, newsletters, newspapers, and forms. (Labor, 2010) Some may write and edit, as well as layout and design pages. Their work environment is usually an office setting, well-lit and quiet. Most have a traditional Monday through Friday work schedule though they may have varying shifts where needed. Generally there is no formal education required to be a desktop publisher however employers prefer a degree or certification. They can expect to earn an annual salary rang ing from $21,000 to $43,000. â€Å"Median annual wages of desktop publishers were $36,600 in May 2008. The middle 50 percent earned between $28,140 and $47,870. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $21,860, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $59,210 a year. Median annual wages of desktop publishers in May 2008 were $39,870 in printing and related support services and $33,130 in newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers. † (Labor, 2010) The future employment outlook for the desktop publisher is expected to rapidly decline. Many workers have the added responsibility of publishing along with regular duties thus reducing the need to hire the desktop publication. Having explored all of these positions I found that many of them are similar. They have overlapping duties in some situations or work very closely together like the software engineer and the programmer. They work in a variety of settings; corporate offices, classrooms and laboratories. Almost all of them require a higher degree or certification. The cryptographer was the only position that required a doctorate while the desktop publisher does not require formal training. The overall average annual salary for these positions was approximately $52,000. The overall future employment outlook was good with most of the positions having projected growth before the next decade. References Labor, U. D. (2010, January). Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-11 Edition. Retrieved January 25, 2010, from Bureau of Labor Statistics: http://www.bls.gov/oco O'Leary, T. J., & O'Leary, L. I. (2008). Computer Essentials: Introductory Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. University, S. (2010, January). Cryptographic Technician Job Description, Career as a Cryptographic Technician, Salary, Employment – Definition and Nature of the Work, Education and Training Requirements, Getting the Job. Retrieved January 26, 2010, from State University: http://careers.stateuniversity.com/pages/7758/Cryptographic-Technician.html

Hazara people Essay

1. Where did they move to after Pakistan? They moved to America after Pakistan. 2. What job did Baba get? Baba got a job at a gas station. 3. Why didn’t he want food stamps? Baba refused food stamps because this was an insult to his pride. He is mentioned to have a strict code of honour and pride and accepting outside help to take care of his own problem. 4. What did Baba give Amir for his birthday? Why? Baba gave Amir a coveted Stingray bicycle and a fancy wristwatch, but Amir felt like those gifts were â€Å"blood money. † 5. What did Amir decide to study in college? Amir decided to study English and major in it. Baba considers it petty and not an actual job. Amir wants to become a writer and a published author but he knows that he will have to wait until he is noticed to gain money from his writing, so therefore explains to Baba that he will work at a low budget place for a while. Baba gets angry and throws the idea back into Amir’s face, but Amir finally stands tall and wants to do it anyway, despite Baba’s wishes because it is what he wants to do with the rest of his life. No matter what Baba has to say. 6. How did Baba feel about Amir’s decision? Why? Baba believes that writing is not a â€Å"real† job, as success is not ensured, and the fact that you write 1 book and can live off it, while others have to work hard their entire lives and can barely live off it. He is the kind of person who would be proud if Amir was doing a â€Å"manly† job, and he believes writing isn’t one – it is too creative etc†¦ Quite hard to explain, but many people believe creative jobs like writing, singing and acting aren’t real jobs. So basically, Baba wanted Amir to be manlier, but Amir decided not to because he had given up Hassan for Baba already and that decision had damned him. 7. How did the author say he â€Å"embraced America†? (pg. 136) 8. What did Baba and Amir do to supplement their income? 9. Reflect on Baba’s comment at the end of Chapter 11. 10. What dating customs and traditions does American culture have? Southern culture? The digital age of dating has ushered in dating websites, matchmaking tools, and personality assessments to help couples find each other in an era that often lends itself to feelings of disconnect and isolation. 11. Discuss gender (pg. 149) 12. What type of cancer does Baba have? 13. Discuss parental relations (pg.156). Compare and contrast relations today in America versus Afghanistan culture. 14. Why did Amir envy Soraya? Amir envied Soraya because he wishes that his secret could be spoken for and dealt with. CHAPTER 13 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS 1. Why wasn’t Soraya present at the beginning of the engagement party? Soraya wasn’t present at the beginning of the engagement because in Traditional Afghan ways the family and son go to the daughter’s house for a party where she is not present until the end after all the greetings are held. 2. Discuss wedding traditions. Traditionally, the bride’s family pays for American/Christian weddings. Who paid for Amir’s wedding? Amir’s father (Baba) paid for his wedding, he spent his entire life, working so he could save up money for his son’s wedding. 3. When did Baba die? About a month after Amir’s wedding, Baba died in his sleep. 4. What did Baba do the night before he died? The following night, Amir and Baba go to the Theirs’ home for the traditional ceremony of â€Å"giving word. † General there is happy and says they are doing it the right way now. Because Baba is so sick, they plan to have the wedding quickly. Baba rents an Afghan banquet hall for the ceremony, buys the ring, Amir’s tuxedo, and other necessities, until he has spent almost all of his $35,000 in savings. Of the wedding Amir remembers sitting on a sofa with Soraya. They are covered with a veil and look at each other’s reflections in a mirror. It is the first time he tells her he loves her, and they are together for the first time that night. Shortly after, Baba dies. 5. Why didn’t the General work? 6. Why didn’t the General want Jamila to sing in public? 7. What year was Amir’s first book Published? 8. Why do people whisper behind Soraya’s back? 9. Why didn’t the doctor say they couldn’t have children? What did Amir attribute it to? 10. Why did the General urge Amir and Soraya not to adopt? 11. Where did Amir buy a house? CHAPTER 14-16 1. Who called Amir and asked him to come to Pakistan? Rahim Khan called Amir and asked him to come to Pakistan. 2. How long have Amir and Soraya been married at this point? They have been married for 15 years at this point. 3. How long did Amir plan to be gone for? 4. Where did Rahim Khan live? Rahim Khan lived in Kabul. 5. Who lived in Baba’s house after he and Amir fled Kabul? Rahim Khan lived in Bab’s house after him and Amir fled from Kabul. 6. Why were the Afghans glad to have the Taliban in the beginning? The Afghans were glad to have the Taliban in the beginning because the Taliban got their start as men started bringing in cash to the Afghans fighting the Russians. 7. Why did Rahim Khan want Hassan to come live with him? In the book The Kite Runner Rahim Kahn had been best friends with Baba and Amir. After Baba had escaped to America he had asked Rahim to keep care of his place. Rahim is also aware that Hassan is Baba’s son. When Hassan was a child Rahim Kahn had watched him grow up and knew that he deserved to have more. However, he was also aware that the boy could not get his fair due because he was born illegitimately from a Hazara woman. Rahim Khan was the one Hassan had told about his rape as a child. Rahim is left alone and older and I believe that he wants to give something to Hassan. He wants him to come and stay in the big house, but Hassan will not do it. He is very honorable and will only stay in the house in which he was born on the property. Through bringing Hassan back Rahim Khan gains a family as well. 8. What was Hassan’s house like? When Rahim Khan had to go out somewhere, he left Hassan in responsibility of Baba’s house. 9. What was his wife’s name? His wife’s name is Farzana. 10. What had happened to Ali? Ali had congenital paralysis of his lower face muscles, a condition that rendered him unable to smile. 11. Why do you think Hassan changed his mind and moved with his family to live in Baba’s house with Rahim Khan? 12. Why wouldn’t Hassan move into the main house? Hassan couldn’t move into the main house because Hassan was the protagonist’s son by the wife of his servant – the servant did not know Hassan was not his son, and raised him as his own. Only the protagonist’s father (and his friend) knew that Hassan wasn’t really the servant’s son. 13. Who was the old woman who showed up on their doorstep? The old woman that showed up on their doorstep was Hassan’s mother. 14. Why do you think Hassan forgave Sanaubar? What does that tell you about Hassan’s character? Would you have forgiven your mother? I think Hassan forgave Sanaubar, cause after all, no matter how many times he’ll be mad at her for ditching him when he was small, she will always be his mom at the end of the day. This tells me about Hassan’s character is that Hassan is a type of person who forgets a person’s past no matter how bad it was, but he’ll give them a second chance. To be honest, yes I would’ve forgiven my mother because honestly I’ll be mad at her but she’s my mother after all. 15. What was Hassan’s son’s name? Hassan’s son’s name was Sohrab. 16. What year did the Taliban take over Kabul? What year did they massacre the Hazaras? CHAPTER 17-18 1. What happened to Hassan? Farzana? The Taliban’s ended up killing Hassan and Farzana. 2. What did the Taliban say about it? The Taliban’s said they will use any excuse for any kind of violence they do. 3. Where is Sohrab? After Sohrab’s parents die, Rahim Khan takes Sohrab with him to Pakistan, so Rahim can get cured. 4. What did Rahim Khan want Amir to do? Rahim Khan wanted Amir to understand that Rahim Khan had called him to Peshawar to pay not only for his betrayal of Hassan, but for Baba’s betrayal of Ali. Amir wondered if he was to blame for Hassan and Ali’s deaths because he was the one who drove them out of the house and split up the family. Finally, at thirty-eight years old, Amir was ready to take responsibility for his actions. He returned to Rahim Khan’s apartment to find him praying and told him he would bring Sohrab to Peshawar. 5. What did Amir find out about Hassan, Ali, and Baba? Amir finds out that Hassan is his biological brother, and that Baba is also Hassan’s biological father, and not Ali. 6. Why was he so upset? Amir was so upset because he betrayed Hassan a lot during his childhood, only to find out now that Hassan is his biological brother, so he feels upset and guilty about it. 7. Why is Amir more like Baba than he thought he was (pg. 226) Amir is more like Baba than he thought he was because Baba betrayed his and Ali’s friendship by spending time with his wife, whereas Amir betrayed his and Hassan’s friendship by letting him get raped by Assef. Amir and Baba both betrayed their friends. 8. Why did Amir decide to go to Kabul? Amir decided to go to Kabul because he wanted to bring Sohrab to safety, and send him to an organization where they can take really good care of him. CHAPTER 19 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS 1. What do we know about Farid, Amir’s cab driver? 2. Why is Farid suspicious about Amir? Farid is suspicious about Amir because he feels that Amir only came to Kabul so he could sell the land, sell his house, collect the money, and go back to America like a mouse, and then go to vacation somewhere. 3. What misunderstanding is there concerning Amir’s watch? The misunderstanding there is concerning Amir’s watch is that the Wahid family thinks that he came all the way here to sell of his house and land, but to clear things up, he gives the Wahid’s family’s son’s the watch as a gift. 4. What does Amir do before leaving Wahid’s house that echoes something he had done when he was much younger? How is this different? Amir had a dream about Hassan dying, and he was the one who ended up killing Hassan. Also before leaving Wahid’s house he left some money under their mattress. This is different, because when he was younger he left a wristwatch and some money under Hassan’s and Ali’s bed so they could get kicked out of the house. Whereas in this situation it is different because he doesn’t want them to get into trouble, he just wants to thank them for supporting him so he decides to leave the money under the mattress.

Detailed Description of the Qualifications Essay

Full Day Care This is a structured care service where children attend for more than 5 hours per day and which may include a sessional pre-school service for pre-school children not attending the full day care service. Providers typically care for children from 3 months to 6 years. Some services may also include an after-school facility, typically for children from 4 to 12 years of age. In full day care, sleeping arrangements and food preparation must meet standards laid down by the Health Service Executive (HSE) and the Child Care(Pre-school Services) Regulations 2006. Providers include day nurseries and crà ¨ches. These services mainly meet the needs of parents who are involved in work, education and training and cater for the broadest age group of children. Full Day Care provisions can be private or community based. Structures can be based on voluntary boards of management, limited companies, private ownership or companies with investors. Childcare Assistant Childcare assistants must hold a certificate for a major award in childcare/ early education at a minimum of level 5 on the National Framework of Qualification (NFQ) of Ireland or an equivalent nationally recognised qualification.The minimum qualification under the ECCE Scheme is a full FETAC Level 5 ( previously NCVA level 2) award or equivalent on the National Framework of Qualifications. Childcare assistants work under supervision and within the line management system of the childcare service. Desirable levels of experience range from 1 to 2 years relevant experience in childcare post qualification. Childcare assistants work together with other childcare staff to ensure safety and well-being of the children in their care and to implement and adhere to the standards and policies laid down by management and the Child Care( Pre-School Services) Regulations 2006. Childcare assistants have a clear understanding of the Child Protection Policy of the childcare service and participate in its implementation. Childcare assistants are responsible for ensuring that activities in each session allow the children to experience creative,  imaginative, physical, social and cognitive play. Childcare assistants require an excellent knowledge of child development and record the progress of each child on daily basis. Childcare assistants require excellent communication skills in dealing with children and parents and to participate in a team. Childcare assistant have to know Aistear as it helps them plan for and provide enjoyable and challenging learning experiences, so that the children who have access to this curriculum can grow and develop into competent learners who have loving relationships with others. Childcare assistants have to use Siolta in conjunction with the Aistear curriculum framework. Childcare assistants are required to treat all information they receive with the strictest confidence and professionalism. The job requires a high level of physical activity. Childcare assistants are required to attend regular meetings to discuss curriculum, activities and child development. They are also required to attend relevant training courses and childcare network meetings on an ongoing basis.